The research record behind three granted patent families — and how to check every number in it

Most of what I publish here is a single argument worked through in public: that a technical claim is only worth what its evidence is worth, and that the honest way to present engineering work is to state the evidence status of every number alongside the number itself. That principle is easy to assert in a blog post. It is harder to hold to across a portfolio.

So the whole record now sits on one page, structured so that a reader who wants to disagree with me can find the thing to disagree with: the research and publications record.

This post explains what is on it and how to read it.

Three technical reports

Three reports are written and prepared for deposit in an open research repository under CC BY 4.0, each to receive a permanent DOI. The titles and full abstracts are published now, so the work is readable and citable while the deposits are completed. The DOIs are not yet issued, and I would rather say that plainly than let a reader assume otherwise.

1. A hybrid battery–capacitor architecture for transient-dominated duty cycles: architecture, claim map, and the governing physics. Electrochemical cells store energy by bulk intercalation; electrochemical capacitors store it by surface adsorption in the Helmholtz double layer. The two mechanisms differ by one to two orders of magnitude in specific energy and in specific power, and by two to three orders in cycle life. A duty cycle whose energy is dominated by steady demand but whose stress is dominated by short, high-current transients is therefore asking one device to satisfy two contradictory specifications. The report describes a dual-store DC architecture that partitions demand in the frequency domain rather than sizing a single store for the worst case, maps the granted claim structure onto the functional blocks, and derives from first principles what current clamping does and does not achieve. It states the exact scope of the two independent test reports on file — including what neither of them measures — and identifies the duty cycles on which the architecture earns its additional mass and cost, and those on which it does not.

2. Multi-source power conditioning and routing for vehicle electrical systems: architecture, control method, and an energy-balance taxonomy for on-board harvesting. A conventional vehicle power stage manages one source and one load. Adding a second on-board source usually means adding a second converter with its own control loop, which scales badly and leaves the arbitration between sources unowned. The report describes a multi-port power processing unit that conditions several asynchronous inputs of differing voltage, current and waveform — AC and DC — and synthesises two sustained rails in parallel: direct current to the storage device, alternating current to the drive motor, with the routing decision taken continuously against measured state of charge and pre-stored thresholds. Its second contribution is a three-way taxonomy for on-board harvesting: sort any proposed source by where its energy actually comes from — external or ambient, recovered, or parasitic. Sources in the third class draw on the vehicle's own propulsion and are net-negative during propulsion regardless of harvester efficiency. That conclusion follows from momentum conservation, not from component quality, which is why no improvement in the harvester rescues it.

3. Voltage, current and frequency parameters in bioelectric therapeutic devices: a design-space review. Bioelectric devices are conventionally grouped by clinical indication, and grouped that way their engineering parameters look arbitrary. Grouped instead by position in a parameter space of amplitude, frequency, dose and injected charge, a structure appears: devices with unrelated indications cluster by mechanism, and devices sharing an indication can sit orders of magnitude apart. The review populates that four-axis space from the peer-reviewed literature and the regulatory record. Two features are easy to miss when devices are read one at a time — the frequency axis is not a continuum of a single mechanism, because the dominant physical interaction changes qualitatively across it; and the dose axis spans about three orders of magnitude among devices with positive pivotal trials, which makes duty cycle a primary design variable coupled to mechanism rather than an implementation detail. Cutting across all four axes is the electrochemistry of charge injection at the electrode–tissue interface, which bounds the usable region independently of any therapeutic consideration. The review describes where devices sit in the space. It does not evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of any device, including my own.

The independent test record, with its scope stated exactly

Two third-party reports exist on the Hybrid Power Pack hardware, and the research page states what each one covers and what it does not.

The Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune — one of the vehicle testing agencies designated under Rule 126 of India's Central Motor Vehicles Rules — tested Model HPP35A and recorded 10,000 cycles at 60 °C — report No. B34000, 20 March 2020. DRDO's R&DE(E) establishment, Pune, issued an environmental test report, No. 020623ESG/ETF, 21 June 2023.

Both are test reports. Neither is a certification, an endorsement or an approval, and I describe them as what they are. Both evaluated the hybrid pack as built; neither ran a battery-only control alongside it, which means neither supports a comparative claim against a conventional pack however tempting the comparison is. Stating that boundary is not modesty — it is the difference between a number a licensee's engineer can use and a number they have to go and re-derive.

The patent register

The complete register gives a grant number, a jurisdiction and a grant date for every entry, so it can be checked line by line rather than taken on trust. I name jurisdictions rather than counting them, for the same reason.

eMedica — a medical therapeutic device (priority IN 201921036412, 10 September 2019): United States US 12,226,183 B2, Japan JP 7611901 B2, South Korea KR 10-2954775, Australia AU 2020346420 B2, Canada CA 3150348, Saudi Arabia SA 18122, South Africa ZA 2022/04073 B, Eurasian EA 44146.

Hybrid Power Pack — dual-storage energy system (priority IN 2626/MUM/2015, 10 July 2015): India IN 301517, United States US 10,523,019 B2, European Patent Office EP 3 320 595 B1 (validated in Germany, the United Kingdom and Switzerland), Japan JP 6644883, Canada CA 2,991,527 C, Mexico MX 377263 B, Vietnam VN 40455, South Africa ZA 2018/00747, Eurasian EA 035682 (in force in Russia).

OMNIA Drive — power generating system for a vehicle (priority IN 3649/MUM/2015, 25 September 2015): United States US 11,117,476 B2, India IN 477613, Japan JP 7109623, Eurasian EA 036594 (validated in Russia and Kazakhstan).

Identifiers

Persistent identifiers matter more than they look. A name is ambiguous; an ORCID iD is not, and it is what lets an indexing service attach a deposit, a patent and a paper to the same person rather than to three similar-looking ones. Mine is 0009-0005-3275-1743.

Why a separate page rather than another post

Because the claims in these posts are only as good as the record behind them, and a record spread across two years of blog archives is not one a reader can audit. Putting it on a single page with an evidence status attached to every statement makes it checkable in an afternoon — and a portfolio that can be checked in an afternoon is worth considerably more to a licensee than one that cannot.

Hemant K. Rohera is an inventor and engineer in Pune, India, sole named inventor on three granted patent families — bioelectronic medical devices, hybrid energy storage and vehicle power electronics. All three families are available for licensing, assignment or joint development. ORCID: 0009-0005-3275-1743

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Hemant Rohera — Bioelectronics, Energy Storage and Power Electronics